CHIDULE CHOFOTOKOZA ZA KACHITIDWE KA MAPEMPHERO A UMRAH
CHIDULE CHOFOTOKOZA ZA KACHITIDWE KA MAPEMPHERO A UMRAH
Kuyamikidwa konse ndi kwa Mulungu, Mbuye wa zolengedwa zonse, ndipo madalitso ndi mtendere zikhale pa Mtumiki wathu Muhammad, ndi aku banja kwake pamodzi ndi omutsatira ake onse. Pambuyo pa mau amenewa: Uwu ndi uthenga wachidule ofotokoza za kachitidwe ka mapemphero a Umrah,tinaikira mtima pofotokoza zomwe zimafunika kwa munthu ochita Umrah. Tikupempha Mulungu kuti auchite uthenga umenewu kukhala osangalasa iye yekha, ndikuti auchite kukhala othandiza kwa Asilamu onse.
Language: lang_ny
Prepared by: Komiti yoona za maphunziro pansi pa bungwe lotanthauzira maphunziro a chisilamu mu zinenero zosiyasiyana.
CHIDULE CHOFOTOKOZA ZA KACHITIDWE KA MAPEMPHERO A UMRAH
Kuyamikidwa konse ndi kwa Mulungu, Mbuye wa zolengedwa zonse, ndipo madalitso ndi mtendere zikhale pa Mtumiki wathu Muhammad, ndi aku banja kwake pamodzi ndi omutsatira ake onse.
Pambuyo pa mau amenewa:
Uwu ndi uthenga wachidule ofotokoza za kachitidwe ka mapemphero a Umrah,tinaikira mtima pofotokoza zomwe zimafunika kwa munthu ochita Umrah.
Tikupempha Mulungu kuti auchite uthenga umenewu kukhala osangalasa iye yekha, ndikuti auchite kukhala othandiza kwa Asilamu onse.
Komiti yoona za maphunziro pansi pa bungwe lotanthauzira maphunziro a chisilamu mu zinenero zosiyasiyana.
CHACHIWIRI: LAMULO LOPHUNZIRA KACHITIDWE KA UMRAH NDI MALAMULO AKE
Ndi zofonika kwa munthu amene akufuna kugwira ntchito yabwino pofuna kumusangalatsa Mulungu kuti aphunzire chiphunzitso cha Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iye-kachitidwe ka ntchito akufuna kugwirayo;kuti ntchito yakeyo ikhale yogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iyeyo. Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iyeyo-adali akuwalimbikitsa anthu zomutsatira iye komanso kutsatira chiphunzitso chake; nkhani ikuchokera kwa Malik mwana wa Al-Huraith-chisangalalo cha Mulungu chikhale pa iyeyo-amene adati: Mtumiki wa Mulungu-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iyeyo adanena kuti:"Muzipemphera monga momwe mukundionera ine ndikupemphelera".[5]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Bukhar,nambala yake (6008).
Nkhani ikuchokera kwa Jabir-Mulungu asangalasidwe naye adanena kuti:“Ndidamuona Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iye-akugenda miyala pilala laku Jamarat iye ali pa chokwera chake pa tsiku lodzinga zinyama uku akuyankhula kuti:phunzirani malamulo akachitidwe ka Hajj kuchokera kwa ine,chifukwa ine sindikudziwa mwina sindizachitanso Hajj ina pambuyo pa Hajj yangayi".[6]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Muslim,nambala yake (1297).
***
CHACHITATU: UBWINO WA UMRAH
Umrah ili ndi maubwino awiri: opezeka nthawi zonse ndi nthawi yapadera.
Ubwino wa Umrah wa nthawi zonse umboni wake ndi:
Nkhani ikuchokera kwa Abu Huraira-chisangalalo cha Mulungu chikhale pa iye-amene adanena kuti: Mtumiki wa Mulungu-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iye-adanena kuti:"Kuchita Umrah motsatizana zimafafaniza machimo omwe ali pakati pa Umrah ina ndi ina, ndikutinso Hajj yomwe yachitika moyenerera,ilibe malipiro ena posakhala kukalowa ku mparadiso"[7].[7]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Bukhar,nambala yake ndi (1773),komanso mu buku la Muslim ,nambala yake ndi(1349).
Ubwino wa Umrah wa nthawi yapadera, ndi omwe umakhala nthawi ya mwezi wa Ramadhan: nkhani ikuchokera kwa mwana wa Abbas-Mulungu asangalasidwe ndi awiriwa(mwana ndi bambo ake)-omwe adanena kuti: Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iye-adanena kuti:"Kuchita Umrah mwezi wa Ramadhan,zimakhala ndi malipiro ofanana ngati munthu wachita Hajj limodzi ndi ine"[10].[10]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Bukhar,nambala yake(1863),komanso mu buku la Muslim,nambala yake(1256)
***
KACHITIDWE KA UMRAH
CHOYAMBA: MALAMULO A MALO OCHITIRA CHITSIMIKIZO CHA UMRAH NDIKUVALA CHOVALA CHOCHITIRA UMRAH
Al-Mawaaqeet: Awa ndi malo amene Mtumiki-mtendere ndi madalitso a Mulungu zikhale pa iye -adawapanga kukhala apa dera kuti munthu amene akufuna kuchita Hajj kapena Umrah achitire chitsimikizo ndikuvala zovala zochitira mapempherowo.
Kwa munthu amene akudutsa amodzi mwa malo amenewa ali ndi chitsimikizo chochita Hajj kapena Umrah:akukakamizidwa kuchita chitsimikizo chochita mapempherowa komanso kuvala zovala zochitira mapempherowo ali pamalo, ndipo sizovomerekeza kuti adutse malowo osachita zimenezo.
Kwa munthu amene ali pafupi ndi mzinda wa Makkah mu malo ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvala zovala zochitira Hajj kapena Umrah: munthu ameneyo malo ake ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvala zovala zochitira mapempherowo ndi malo ake akukhalawo; akuyenera kuchitira chitsimikizo ndikuvala zovala zochitira Hajj kapena Umrah kuchokera malo omwe ali nawo chifupi mu malo omwe adawaika Mtumiki kukhala okonzekelera za Hajj kapena Umrah.
Tsono kwa anthu a mzinda wa Makkah ndi okhala m'menemo: akuyenera kuchita chitsimikizo cha Hajj ali mu mzinda wa Makkah. Koma ngati akufuna kuchita Umrah: akuyenera kutuluka ndikupita ku malo ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvalira zovala zochitira Umrah, monga malo otchedwa Tan’eem ndi ena otero.
Tsono kwa munthu amene ali mu ndege: akuyenera kutsimikiza zochita Umrah akayang anizana ndi malo ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvalira zovala zochitira Umrah, akuyenera kukonzeka ndikuvala zovala zochitira Umrah asanayang anizane ndi malo ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvalira zovala zochitira Umrah,akakhala pafupi ndi malowa akuyenera kuchita chitsimikizo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo sizovomerezeka kwa iye kuchedwesa kutero kufikira pomwe watsika pa bwalo la ndege. Komanso ndi zotheka kwa iye kuyamba kuyankhula mau ovomera kuitana kwa Mulungu asanayang'anizane ndi malo ochitira chitsimikizo ndikuvalira zochitira Umrah poopezera kuwadusa malo oyenera kuyankhulira mau ovomereza kuitana(labbaika Allahumma labbaika); chifukwa chakufulumira kwa ndege.
CHACHIWIRI: KAVALIDWE KA CHOVALA CHOCHITIRA UMRAH NDI MALAMULO AKE
Ngati munthu akuopa kuti mwina patha kupezeka chomuletsa kukwaniritsa mapemphero ake a Hajj, ndi zololedwa kwa iyeyo kuyankhula mau oti: (....ngati nditasekerezedwa ndi chondisekereza,malo omwe ndingachitire chitsimikizo ndikuvalira chovala chochitira Hajj ndi pamalo omwe ndasekerezedwawo), nde munthu akayankhula mau amenewa ndikuchitika chinthu chomuletsa kukwaniritsa mapemphero ake,ndi zololedwa ndipo palibe vuto lililonse.
Kenako achulutse kuyankhula mau ovomera kuitana kwa Mulungu oti : (Labbaika Allahumma Labbaika, Labbaika laa sharika laka labbaika, Innal-hamda, wannimata laka walmuluku, laa sharika laka)[4]. Mamuna komanso mkazi onse akuyenera kukweza mau pomwe akuyankhula mau amenewa; mzimaiyo ngati sali pafupi ndi amuna adera. Munthu amene akuchita Hajj akuyenera kuchulukisa kuyankhula mau amenewa pomwe nyengo ndi malo zasintha, monga ngati ali pamalo okwera,kapena otsika kapena pomwe usiku ndi usana ukudza.(11)Tanthauzo la mau omwe munthu amayankhula oti: (Labbaika) ndikukuyankhani ee inu Ambuye,, nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo tanthauzo lake ndi:kuvomera komwe munthu amamuvomera mbuye Mulungu ndikumumvera malamulo ake. “Inna al-hamda wa al-nimata laka wal-muluku" al-hamdu: kumufotokoza Mulungu amene ndi otamandidwa ndi mafotokozedwe okwanira limodzi ndikumukonda ndikumulemekeza,kutamandidwa kukabwerezedwa kumasanduka kumutamandira. Wa Al-Nima: ndi zomwe Mulungu amawapasa akapolo ake mu zofuna zawo komanso kwateteza ku zinthu zoipa, mau ake oti: (al-muluku)akutanthauza kuti: umfumu onse ndi wanu. Mulungu yekha ndi amene ali mwini zonse. Mau ake oti(Laa Sharika Laka): kutanthauza kuti: palibe wina aliyense amene amakuthandizani mu zinthu zomwe zikukhuza inu nokha mu mbiri zanu zokwanira bwino, ngati unokha wanu pa umwini wa chilichonse,kulenga ,kuyendesa kwa zinthu zonse komanso popembedzedwa. Izi zalembedwa mwachidule mu buku la Fatawa komanso mauthenga olembedwa ndi Al-Othaimeen(22/96).
Kuyankhula mau ovomereza kuitana kwa Mulungu pomwe ukuchita Umrah kumayamba ukangovala chovala chochitira Umrah ndipo umatsiriza ukayamba kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu.
Munthu amene wavala chovala chochitira Hajj akuyenera kupewa china chilichonse mu zinthu zomwe ndi zoletsedwa kwa munthu akuchita Hajj kufikira pomwe wamariza zonse zofunika kuchita nthawi ya Hajj.
CHACHITATU: KAZUNGULILIDWE KA KAABA(NYUMBA YA MULUNGU)
Munthu amene akuchita mapemphero a Hajj akafuna kulowa mu mzikiti waku Makkah,akulamuridwa zosogoza mwendo wake waku manja ndikuyankhula pemphero lolowera mu mzikiti,pemphero lotsimikizika lolowera mu mzikiti ndi loti munthu ayankhule kuti: "Allahumma iftah lii abuwaba rahmatika", pemphero ili munthu akuyenera kunena nthawi iliyonse akulowa mzikiti wina ulionse,sikuti ndi lokhuza mzikiti wa mzinda wa Makkah okha ayi.
Munthu ochita Hajj akafuna kuyamba kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu,amayenera nsalu yomwe wavala kumtunda aidusise kunsi kwa nkhwapa yake mbali ya manja,ndipo tsonga za nsaluyo azike pa phewa lake laku manzere, ndipo akamariza kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu,amaibwezeresa nsalu mmene idalili asadayambe kuzungulira Kaaba; chifukwa kudusisa nsalu kunsi kwa nkhwapa ndikuika tsonga zake pa phewa laku manzere,zimachitika nthawi yomwe ukuzungulira Kaaba.
Kenako amapita pomwe pali mwala okuda,ndikugwira ndi dzanja lake laku manja ndikuupyopyona, ngati sangakwanise kuupyopyona mwalawo,amayenera kungougwira ndikupyopyona dzanja lake,komanso ngati sizingatheke kuugwira mwalawo ndi dzanja lake,adzangoukhuza ndi chinthu chilichonse chomwe watenga m'manja mwake ngati ndondo ndi zina zotero kenako ndikuupyopyona, ngati zimenezonso sizingatheke kuti atero,iye akuyenera kulunjika komwe kuli mwala okudawu ndikungolozera ndi dzanja lake ndipo sakuyenera kupyopyona dzana lake, ndipo zabwino zake ndi zoti asalimbirane ndi anthu pofuna kuchita zimenezi poopezera kuwazunza anthu komanso iyeyo kuzunzika ndi anthuwo.
Pa nthawi yomwe akugwira mwala kapena kuulozera,munthu ochita Hajj anene mau oti: (Allah Akbar).
Kenako akuyenera kuyamba kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu (Kaaba)poyenda mbali yaku manja ndikuisiya nyumba ya Mulungu(Kaaba)mbali yaku manzere, ndipo akafika pa ngodya yakumanja,augwire mwala okuda popanda kuupyopyona, ngati sanakwanise kugwirako,asalimbirane ndi anthu ena kuti mpaka agwire gwirebe, kapena kulozera asalozere.
Ndipo akakhala pakati pa ngodya yakumanja ndi mwala okuda ayankhule mau awa: (Rabbana aatina fii m'dunia hasana wa fil-akhirat Hasana waqina a'dhaaba n-nari".
Nthawi iliyonse yomwe akudutsa pafupi ndi mwala okuda, akuyenera kuulozera ndi dzanja lake uku akunena kuti: (Allah Akbar).
Kwina konse kosalako pa nthawi yomwe akuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu, azimukumbukira Mulungu ndikumupempha zomwe akuzikonda komanso aziwerenga Qur'an.
Ndi zolamuridwa kuti kuzungulira koyamba mpaka kwa chitatu akuyenera kuyenda mofulumira uku akuwandikisa mayendedwe ake(mapazi), pomwe kuzungulira kunayi kotsiriza,sakuyenera kuyenda mofulumira,akuyenera kuyenda momwe amayendera mwa chizolowezi chake.
Akamariza kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu, amapita ku malo omwe Abraham amaima pomanga nyumba ya Mulungu ndikuwerenga mau:(....wattakhidhu min maqami Ibrahim muswalla....)[Al-Baqarah:125]Kenako apemphere maraka awiri kumbuyo kwa malo omwe ankaima Abrahamwo ngati kuli kotheka, ngati sizingatheke kupemphelera malo amenewo,apemphelere malo ena alionse mu mzikitimo, pa rakat yoyamba,pambuyo powerenga Surah Al-Fatiha awerenge iyi:(Qul ya Ayyuha Al-Kafiruna)[Al-Kafirun:1]Pa raka yachiwiri, pambuyo powerenga Al-Fatiha, awerenge iyi:(Qul huwa Allah ahadu...)[Al-Ikhlas:1]
CHACHINAYI: KATHAMANGIDWE KA PAKATI PA SAFA NDI MARWA
Akamariza kuzungulira nyuba ya Mulungu(Kaaba)ndi kupemphera maraka ake awiri,akuyenera kuchoka ndikupita malo othamangira pakati pa Safa ndi Marwa. ndipo akawandikira pa Safa, awerenge mau a Mulungu awa:(Inna al-swafa wal-mar-wata min sha'airi Allah...)[Al-Baqarah:158].Kenako anene kuti:"Ndikuyamba ndi chimene Mulungu anayamba nacho." [12].[12]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Muslim,nambala yake(1218).
Kenako amakwera pa phiri la Swafa mpaka ataiwona Kaaba kapena mbali yake, ndikuyang’anizana nayo kaabayo, ndipo kenako ayankhule mau a umodzi wa Mulungu, ndikuyankhula mau omukweza Mulungu, ndikuyankhula mau awa:"Laa ilaha illa Allah wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-muliku walahul-hamdu, wahuwa a'la kulli shay'in qadiru, laa ilaaha illa Allah wahdahu, anjaza wa'adahu, wanaswara abudahu, wahazama al'ahzaba wahdahu", Kenako amapempha pempho pakati pa zimenezo. Kenako adzanena zimenezo katatu [7].[13]Nkhani ikupezeka mu buku la Muslim,nambala yake(1218).
Kenako munthu ochita Hajj amatsika kuchokera pa phiri la Swafa kupita ku Marwa akuyenda, ndipo akafika pomwe pali chizindikiro chobiliwira(green) amayenda mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo akafika pomwe pali chidzindikiro chobiliwira cha chiwiri,amayenda m'mene amayendela osati mofulumira, ndipo sizolamuridwa kwa azimai kuti aziyenda mofulumira akafika malo omwe pali chidzindikiro chobiliwirachi.
Munthu ochita Hajj akafika pa phiri la Marwa,zalamuridwa kwa iye kuchita zofanana ndi zomwe anachita ali pa phiri la Swafa[ndime ya yachiwiri(2)].
Kenako munthu ochita Hajj amatsika kuchokera pa phiri la Marwa kupita ku phiri la Swafa akuyenda, ndipo akafika pomwe pali chizindikiro chobiliwira(green) amayenda mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo akafika pomwe pali chidzindikiro chobiliwira cha chiwiri,amayenda mmene amayendela osati mofulumira
Achite choncho kufika atakwaniritsa kuzungulira kasanu ndi kawiri,kupita ku Marwa kuchokera ku Swafa kameneko ndi kamodzi, kubwelera ku Swafa kuchokera ku Marwa, kumenekonso ndi kuzungulira kwa chikena.
Pa nthawi yomwe akuthamanga pakati pa Swafa ndi Marwa,akuyenera kumamukumbukira Mulungu ndikumamupempha komanso kuwerenga zomwe wakonda.
CHACHISANU: KAMETEDWE NDI KAYEPULIDWE KA TSITSI LA M'MUTU
Munthu amene akuchita Umrah akamariza kuzungulira nyumba ya Mulungu,komanso wamariza kuthamanga pakati pa Safa ndi Marwa, akuyenera kumeta tsisi lake kapena kuliyepula ngati ali mamuna. Zalamuridwa kuti kumeta kapena kuyepula kukhale kwa mutu onse.
Ndipo Kumeta tsitsi lonse ndi kwabwino kuposa kuyepula,kupatula ngati nthawi ya mapemphero a Hajj yawandikira zomwe zingapangise kuti pasakhale nthawi yokwanira yoti tsisi limele m'mutu; zikatero, zabwino zake ndikuyepula.
Tsono mkazi, akuyenera kuyepula tsonga za tsisi lake molingana ndi tsonga ya chala.
ZINTHU ZOLETSEDWA KWA MUNTHU AMENE AKUCHITA MAPEPHERO A UMRAH
Zinthu zoletsedwa kuzichita munthu amene ali pa mapephero a Umrah ndi izi:
1. Kumeta tsisi la m'mutu, kapena kuliyepula, kapena kuzula tsitsi kuchokera malo alionse apa thupi pake.
2. Kuwenga zikhadabo zonse kapena zina mwa izo kuchokera mapazi onse awiri kapena manja onse awiri.
3-Kuphimba mutu ndi chinthu chokhazikikapo, monga chipewa, chimaki, kapena nduwira, kapena kuvala chovala pamutu, kapena kuyika mpango, bulangete, katoni, kapena china chilichonse chomwe cholinga chake ndi kuziphimba. Lamulo ili likukhuza amuna okha osati ndi azikazi omwe.
4-Kuvala chovala cha nthawi zonse chophimba thupi lonse cholingana ndi thupi lake; mavalidwe achizolowezi,monga: chovala chosokedwa, thalauza, malaya, masokosi, ndi magolovesi. Lamulo ili likukhuza amuna osati ndi akazi omwe; chifukwa zomwe akazi amaletsedwa kuvala ndi izi:
a-Kuvala niqab, burqa, kapena chophimba chofanana ndi niqab. Mkazi akukakamizidwa kuphimba nkhope yake pamaso pa amuna adera ndi chophimbira nkhope cha nthawi zonse;ngakhale chophimbira nkhopecho chitakhuza nkhope yake, ndipo sakulamulidwa mkaziyo kumanga mpango mmutu ndi cholinga choti choziphimbira chija chisakhuze nkhope; chifukwa chosowa umboni wamachitidwe amenewo.
b-Kuvala magolovesi m'manja mwake, ndipo atseke m'manja pamaso pa amuna adera powaika manjawo mkati mwa chovala chake.
CHIDULE CHOFOTOKOZA ZA KACHITIDWE KA MAPEMPHERO A HAJJ
45 languages
CHIDULE CHOFOTOKOZA ZA KACHITIDWE KA MAPEMPHERO A HAJJ
Kuyamikidwa konse ndi kwa Mulungu, Mbuye wa zolengedwa zonse, ndipo madalitso ndi mtendere zikhale pa Mtumiki wathu Muhammad, ndi aku banja kwake pamodzi ndi omutsatira ake onse. Pambuyo pa mau amenewa: Uwu ndi uthenga wachidule ofotokoza za kachitidwe ka mapemphero a Hajj,tinaikira mtima pofotokoza zomwe zimafunika kwa munthu ochita Hajj. Tikupempha Mulungu kuti auchite uthenga umenewu kukhala osangalasa iye yekha, ndikuti auchite kukhala othandiza kwa Asilamu onse. Chiyambi:
Cholengedwa Chili chonse chimasonyeza kupezeka kwa Mlengi. Ndani adalenga kumwamba ndi dziko la pansi ndi zolengedwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zili mkati mwa ziwirizi zomwe sizimadziwika? Kodi ndi ndani adaika ndondomeko yokuya ndi yolongosoka bwino yakayendedwe ka zinthu kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi? Kodi ndani amene adalenga munthu ndikumupatsa makutu, maso, ndi nzeru? ndikumpatsa kuthekera kophunzira ndikudziwa zoona? Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji ndondomeko yodzama ndi yokuya ya momwe Mulungu adaikira ziwalo zapa thupi lako komanso ziwalo za zinthu za moyo? ndani adalenga zimenezo? Kodi dziko…
