Indlela yomthandazo kaMphrofethi u-Muhammad ﷺ (ukuthula makube naye)

Indlela yomthandazo kaMphrofethi ( ukuthula makube naye ).

Isungulwe ngumfundisi

uAbdul Aziz bin Baz( umusa kaAllah ubenaye).

Egameni likaAllah, Onomusa, Onesihawu.

Udumo lonke lungoluka Allah yedwa, futhi ukuthula nezibusiso makube phezu kwenceku yakhe nesiThunywa sakhe, uMphrofethi wethu uMuhammad, nomndeni wakhe nabangani bakhe. Emva kwalokho:

Lawa ngamazwi afingqiwe achaza indlela yokukhuleka yoMphrofethi ﷺ, engithande ukuwethula kulo lonke iSulumane owesilisa nowesifazane, ukuze wonke umuntu ofunda la mazwi azikhandle ekulandeleni isibonelo saKhe kulokho; ngokwezwi laKhe ﷺ: "(Thandazani njengoba ningibone ngithandaza) [1]." Kumfundi kunencazelo yalokho: [1] Ilandiswe ngu-al-Bukhari, ngenombolo (605).

1- Ukuphelelisa iwudhu, okungukuthi ukuthatha iwudhu njengoba uAllah eyalile, ngokwezwi Lakhe (oNgcwele noPhakeme): ﴿O nina enikholwayo! Nxa nisukuma niya emthandazweni, khona-ke gezani ubuso benu nezandla zenu kuze kufike ezindololwaneni, futhi nisule amakhanda enu nezinyawo zenu kuze kufike emaqakaleni...﴾. [Al-Ma'idah: 6]. Ivesi.

Futhi isisho sikaMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah makube kuye): (Umthandazo awamukelwa ngaphandle kokuhlanzeka) [2]. [2] Ilandiswe ngu-Muslim, inombolo (224).

Nokusho kwakhe ﷺ kulowo ongayenzanga kahle iSalāh( umthandazo wakhe): (Uma usukumela iSalāh, phelelisisa i-wudhu) [3]. [3] Yalandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari, ngenombolo (5782).

2- Othandazayo makaqonde ngaseQiblah, okuyiKa'bah, noma ngabe ukuphi, ngomzimba wakhe wonke, enenhloso kwinhliziyo yakhe yokwenza umthandazo awuhlosile, kungaba umthandazo oyisibopho (fardh) noma owokuzithandela (nafl). Akumele ayiphimisele ngolimi lwakhe inhloso; ngoba ukuphimisela inhloso ngolimi akuvumelekile ngokwenkolo, kodwa kuyi-bid'ah (ukuqanjwa kwento entsha enkolweni), ngenxa yokuthi uMphrofethi ﷺ akazange ayiphimisele inhloso, kanjalo nabangani bakhe (u-Allāh ajabule ngabo). Kufanele azibekele isivimbeli (sutrah) athandaze ebheke kuso uma engu-Imam noma ethandaza eyedwa. Ukuqonda ngaseQiblah kuwumbandela womthandazo, ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile ezikhethekile ezaziwayo nezichazwe ezincwadini zezifundiswa zenkolo.

3- Uletha i-Takbir yokuqala ethi: Allahu Akbar, ebhekise amehlo akhe endaweni yokukhothama kwakhe.

4- Uphakamisa izandla zakhe ngesikhathi se-Takbir zize zibe ngokulingana namahlombe akhe, noma maqondana nezindlebe zakhe.

5- Ubeka izandla zakhe esifubeni sakhe, isandla sokunene phezu kwesandla sakhe sobunxele, isihlakala, kanye nomkhono; ngoba lokho kwagunyazwa kuMprofethi ﷺ.

6- KuyiSunnah ukufunda iDu'a yokuvula, okuyile: (O Allah, ngiqhelanise nezono zami, njengoba waqhelanisa phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. O Allah, ngihlambulule ezonweni njengoba ingubo emhlophe ihlanzwa ensileni. O Allah, geza izono zami ngamanzi, neqhwa, nesichotho) [4]. [4] Ibikwe ngu-Bukhari, ngenombolo (744), no-Muslim, ngenombolo (598).

Futhi uma ethanda, esikhundleni salokho angasho ukuthi: (Uphakeme kude nezici O Allah, futhi udumo lonke lungolwakho, libusisiwe igama lakho, buphakeme ubukhosi bakho, futhi akekho onokukhonzwa ngokweqiniso ngaphandle kwakho) [5], Futhi uma esebenzisa ezinye izicelo zokuvula ezaqiniswa kuMphrofethi ﷺ, akunacala, futhi okungcono kunakho konke ukuthi enze lokhu ngezinye izikhathi, nalokhu ngezinye izikhathi; ngoba lokho kungukulandela okuphelele ngokwengeziwe. Bese ethi: Ngicela uAllah angivikele kuSathane oqalekisiweyo, Egameni likaAllah, Onomusa, Onesihawu, bese efunda iSurah Al-Fatihah, ngenxa yamazwi akhe: (Awukho umkhuleko kulowo ongafundi iSivulo SeNcwadi) [6]. Bese ethi emva kwayo - Ameen - ngokuzwakalayo emikhulekweni efundwa ngezwi eliphezulu, nangokunyenyeza kuleyo efundwa buthule. Afunde lokho okulula kuye kwiQur’an. Okunconyiwe wukuthi emva kwe-Al-Fatiha, emikhulekweni yeDhuhr, eyeAsr, neyeIsha afunde ezahlukweni ezimaphakathi zeMufassal; kweyeFajr afunde ezinde zayo; kanti kweyeMaghrib, ngezinye izikhathi afunde ezinde zayo, bese ngezinye izikhathi afunde ezimfushane zayo, lokhu ekwenza ngokuhambisana namaHadith abikiwe ngalolu daba. [5] Lulandwe nguMuslim, nenombolo (399). [6] Kulandiswe ngu-al-Bukhari, ngenombolo (756).

7- Uzokhothama esho i-Takbir, ephakamisa izandla zakhe zize zilingane namahlombe akhe noma nezindlebe zakhe, aqondise ikhanda lakhe nomhlane wakhe kulingane, abeke izandla zakhe emadolweni akhe ehlukanise iminwe yakhe. Kumele azinze ngokuphelele ekukhothameni kwakhe, abesethi: “Udumo malube seNkosini yami, oMkhulukazi.” Kungcono ukuphinda la mazwi kathathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi kuyathandeka ukuba engeze ngokuthi: (Inkazimulo ingeYakho O Allah, kanye nokudumisa, O Allah, ngithethelele) [7]. [7] Yalandwa nguBukhari, enombolweni (817), kanye noMuslim, enombolweni (484).

8- Uphakamisa ikhanda lakhe esuka ekukhothameni, ephakamisa izandla zakhe zize zilingane namahlombe noma nezindlebe zakhe, ethi: UAllah uyamuzwa lowo omdumisayo. Uma eyi-Imam noma ethandaza yedwa-, bese ethi uma esukuma: (Nkosi yethu, udumo lungolwakho, udumo oluningi, olumsulwa, nolubusisekile, olugcwalisa amazulu nomhlaba, nolugcwalisa noma yini oyifisile ngale kwalokho) [8]. [8] Ibikwe nguBukhari, enombolweni (711), kanye noMuslim, enombolweni (598).

Kepha uma engumlandeli (uMa'mum), uthi lapho ephakama: ‘Rabbana wa laka al-hamd’ kuze kube sekugcineni kwalokhu osekushiwo, futhi uma ngamunye wabo enezezela -okusho i-Imam, nomlandeli kanye nalowo othandaza yedwa- (Wena ofanelwe indumiso nobukhosi, kuyiqiniso elikhulu lokho okushiwo yinceku, futhi sonke siyizinceku zakho: O Allah, akekho onqabelayo kulokho okuphile, futhi akekho ophayo kulokho okugodlile, futhi ingcebo yocebileyo ayinamsizi phambi kwakho) [9]. Ngakho-ke ilungile ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa kwalokho okuvela kuye. [9] Ibikwe nguMuslim, ngenombolo (477).

Kuyathandeka ukuthi ngamunye wabo — okungukuthi, u-Imam, umlandeli wakhe (uMa’mum), kanye nalowo okhuleka eyedwa — abeke izandla zakhe esifubeni sakhe njengoba enza ekumeni kwakhe ngaphambi kokukhothama (i-Ruku’), ngenxa yokuqina kobufakazi obukhomba kulokho obuvela kuMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zika-Allah kube kuye) kwiHadith kaWa’il bin Hujr noSahl bin Sa’d (uAllah akajabule ngabo bobabili).

9- Uyokhothama esho i-takbir, ebeka phansi amadolo akhe ngaphambi kwezandla zakhe uma ekwazi lokho; kodwa uma kunzima, ubeka phansi izandla zakhe ngaphambi kwamadolo, ebhekise izinzwane zezinyawo neminwe yezandla ngase-Qiblah, ehlanganise iminwe yezandla zakhe futhi eyelulile. Kumele akhothame ngezitho zakhe eziyisikhombisa: iphaphu kanye nekhala, izandla zombili, amadolo omabili, kanye namaphethelo ezinzwane zezinyawo zombili. Bese ethi: Subhana Rabbiyal-A'la. Futhi ngokwe-Sunnah kunconywa ukusho lokho kathathu noma ngaphezulu. Kuyathandeka futhi ukusho kanye nalokhu okulandelayo: (Wena awunasici, O Allah, Nkosi yethu, futhi udumo lungolwakho, O Allah, ngithethelele), Futhi makandise ukunxusa ngenxa yezwi likaMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah makube kuye): (Kepha ekukhothameni, phakamisani iNkosi kukho; kanti ekuguqeni, khuthalani ekunxuseni, ngokuba kufanelekile ukuba niphendulwe) [10]. [10] Ilandiswe nguMuslim, ngenombolo (479).

Futhi ucela eNkosini yakhe okuhle kwalomhlaba nokwempilo ezayo, Noma ngabe iSalah iyisibopho noma ingeyokuzithandela, uhlukanisa izingalo zakhe ezingenhla ezinhlangothini zakhe, nesisu sakhe emathangeni akhe, namathanga akhe emilenzini yakhe, futhi aphakamise imikhono yakhe emhlabathini ngenxa yokushiwo uMphrofethi ﷺ: (Linganisani ekukhothameni, futhi omunye wenu makangayendlali imikhono yakhe njengokwendlala kwenja) [11]. [11] Kulandiswe nguBukhari, ngenombolo (788), kanye noMuslim, ngenombolo (493).

10- Uphakamisa ikhanda lakhe esho iTakbir, andlale unyawo lwakhe lwesinxele ahlale phezu kwalo, amise olwesokudla, abeke izandla zakhe phezu kwamathanga nasemadolweni akhe, bese ethi: (Nkosi yami, ngithethelele, ungihawukele, ungihole, ungiphe, ungiphilise, futhi ungilungise) [12]. Futhi azinze kulokhu kuhlala. [12] Yabikwa ngu-At-Tirmidhi, ngenombolo (284), no-Abu Dawud, ngenombolo (850), no-Ibn Majah, ngenombolo (898).

11- Wenza isajdah yesibili esho itakbīr, futhi wenza kuyo njengoba wenze kwisajdah yokuqala.

12- Uphakamisa ikhanda lakhe esasho iTakbir bese ehlala ukuhlala okufushane njengokuhlala okuphakathi kwamaSajdah amabili, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Jalsat al-Istiraha (ukuhlala kokuphumula). Kuyinto ethandekayo (mustahabb), kepha uma ekushiya akukho cala kuye. Akukho Dhikr noma Du'a okwenziwayo kukho. Bese esukuma eme aye kwiRak’ah yesibili, esekela ngamadolo akhe uma kulula kuyena ukwenza lokho. Uma kunzima kuye, usekela ngomhlabathi. Bese efunda iFatiha nalokho okulula kuye kwiQur’an ngemva kweFatiha, bese enza njengoba enze kwiRak’ah yokuqala.

13- Uma umthandazo unama-rak’ah amabili - njengomthandazo weFajr, oweJumu’ah, kanye neyama-’Eid amabili - makahlale phansi ngemva kokuvuka kwi-sajdah yesibili, emise unyawo lwakhe lwesokudla, alalise unyawo lwakhe lwesobunxele ahlale phezu kwalo. Makabeke isandla sakhe sokudla phezu kwethanga lakhe lesokudla, agoqe yonke iminwe ngaphandle komunwe wokukhomba, abese ekhomba ngawo uphawu lwe-Tawhid. Futhi kuhle uma egoqa ucikicane nomunwe wendandatho esandleni sakhe sokudla, abumbe indingilizi ngesithupha nomunwe ophakathi nendawo, abese ekhomba ngomunwe wokukhomba; ngoba zombili lezi zindlela ziqinisekisiwe ukuthi zivela kuMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah makube phezu kwakhe). Futhi okungcono kakhulu ukuthi enze lokhu kwesinye isikhathi, nalokhuya kwesinye isikhathi. Abeke isandla sakhe sobunxele phezu kwethanga nedolo lakhe lesobunxele. Bese efunda i-Tashahhud kulokhu kuhlala, ethi: (Konke ukudumisa, yonke imikhuleko, nakho konke okuhle kungokukaAllah. Ukuthula makube phezu kwakho O Mhprofethi, nomusa kaAllah nezibusiso zakhe. Ukuthula makube phezu kwethu, naphezu kwezinceku zikaAllah ezilungileyo. Ngiyafakaza ukuthi akukho okukhonzwayo ngokweqiniso ngaphandle kukaAllah, futhi ngiyafakaza ukuthi uMuhammad uyinceku yakhe nesithunywa sakhe), Bese ethi: (O Allah, yetha izibusiso phezu kukaMuhammad naphezu komndeni kaMuhammad, njengoba wethe izibusiso phezu kukaAbrahama naphezu komndeni kaAbrahama; ngempela Wena ungoDunyiswayo, Okhazimulayo. Futhi busisa uMuhammad nomndeni kaMuhammad, njengoba Wabusisa uAbrahama nomndeni kaAbrahama; ngempela Wena ungoDunyiswayo, Okhazimulayo) [13]. [13] Yabikwa ngu-al-Bukhari, ngenombolo (797), noMuslim, ngenombolo (402).

Futhi makakhosele kuAllah kokune, athi: (O Allah wami, ngiphephela Kuwe esijezisweni sasesihogweni(Jahannama), nasesijezisweni sethuna, nasekulingweni kwempilo nokufa, nasebubini besilingo sika-Al-Masih Ad-Dajjal) [14]. [14] Ilandiswe ngu-al-Bukhari, inombolo (1311), noMuslim, inombolo (588).

Bese ecela lokho akufisayo kokuhle kwaleli zwe nasempilweni ezayo, futhi akunacala uma ecelela abazali bakhe noma amanye amakholwa( Muslim) - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthandazo uyisibopho noma owokuzithandela -; lokhu kungenxa yamazwi jikelele kaMphrofethi ﷺ kwihadith ka-Ibn Mas’ud رضي الله عنه, ngesikhathi emfundisa i-Tashahhud: (Bese emva kwalokho makakhethe emithandazweni yokunxusa leyo emthokozisa kakhulu kuye, bese enxusa) [15]. Futhi ekulandiseni okunye: (Anduba makakhethe esicelweni noma yini ayifisayo) [16]. [15] Yalandiswa ngu-An-Nasā'ī, ngenombolo (1298). [16] Ilandwe nguMuslim, ngenombolo (402).

Lokhu kuhlanganisa konke okuzuzisa inceku kulomhlaba nakwelizayo. Bese ebingelela ngakwesokudla sakhe nangakwesobunxele sakhe, esho ethi: Ukuthula makube kini nomusa kaAllah, Ukuthula makube kini nomusa kaAllah.

14- Uma umkhuleko unama-rak'ah amathathu njengoMaghrib, noma unama-rak'ah amane njengoDhuhr, Asr no-Isha, umuntu ufunda i-Tashahhud eshiwo ngenhla kanye nokumcelela uMphrofethi ﷺ izibusiso, bese eyasukuma emi eqondile, esekela ngamadolo akhe, ephakamisa izandla zakhe zilingane namahlombe akhe noma izindlebe zakhe, ethi: Allahu Akbar, bese ezibeka—okusho izandla zakhe—esifubeni sakhe njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, bese efunda iFatihah kuphela. Uma kwesinye isikhathi efunda okwengeziwe ngaphezu kweFatihah ku-rak'ah yesithathu neyesine yomkhuleko weDhuhr, akukho nkinga kulokho, ngoba kunobufakazi obuqinisekisa lokho obuvela kuMphrofethi ﷺ kuyo ihadith ka-Abu Sa’id (u-Allah makajabule ngaye). Futhi uma engakwenzi ukumcelela uMphrofethi ﷺ izibusiso ngemuva kwe-Tashahhud yokuqala, akukho nkinga; ngoba iyisinqumo esincomekayo (mustahabb) kodwa akuyona isibopho (wajib) kuye kwi-Tashahhud yokuqala, bese efunda i-Tashahhud ngemuva kwe-rak'ah yesithathu yomkhuleko weMaghrib nangemuva kweyesine yeDhuhr, Asr, neIsha, njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili mayelana nomkhuleko wama-rak'ah amabili, bese enza i-Taslim ngakwesokudla nangakwesokunxele kwakhe, acele intethelelo ku-Allah kathathu, bese ethi: (O Allah, Nguwe ukuthula futhi kuvela kuwe ukuthula, ubusisiwe, Wena Ongumnini Wobukhosi Nokuphana) [17]. Ngaphambi kokuba aphenduke abheke kubantu, uma engu-Imam, abese ethi: (Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah, Yedwa, akanaye umhlanganyeli. Owakhe umbuso, futhi okwaKhe ukudunyiswa, futhi Nguyena onamandla phezu kwazo zonke izinto. Awekho amasu namandla ngaphandle kukaAllah. O Allah, akekho onqandayo lokho okuphile, futhi akekho onikezayo lokho okunqandile, futhi ingcebo yocebile ayimsizi ngalutho Kuwe. Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah, futhi asikhonzi muntu ngaphandle kwakhe. Owakhe umusa, okwakhe ubuhle, ngokwakhe ukudunyiswa okuhle. Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah, sinikela inkolo kuye yedwa ngobuqotho, noma ngabe abangakholwa beyakuzonda) [18]. [17] Ibikwe nguMuslim, ngenombolo (591). [18] Ilandiswe ngu-Muslim, enombolweni (402)

Futhi akhazimulise uAllah izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu, amdumise kanjalo, futhi amkhulise kanjalo, bese ethi ukuze kuqedelwe ikhulu: Lā ilāha illallāh waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahu al-mulku wa lahu al-ḥamd, wa huwa `alā kulli shay’in qadīr (Akekho unkulunkulu ofanele ukukhonzwa ngaphandle kukaAllah, Yedwa engenamhlanganyeli. Okwakhe ukubusa, futhi okwakhe konke ukudunyiswa, futhi Yena unamandla phezu kwazo zonke izinto). Bese efunda iAyatul Kursi, iQul huwa Allahu ahad, iQul a’udhu birabbil falaq, neQul a’udhu birabbin nas ngemva kwayo yonke iSalah. Futhi kuyathandeka ukuphinda lama Surah amathathu izikhathi ezintathu ngemuva kweSalah yeFajr neSalah yeMaghrib; ngenxa yamaHadith abikiwe ngawo aqhamuka kuMphrofethi ﷺ. Futhi zonke lezi zinkumbuzo (Adhkar) ziyiSunnah, azisona isibopho (Fard).

Kumisiwe kulo lonke ikholwa (Muslim), owesilisa nowesifazane, ukuba enze amaRak'ah amane ngaphambi komthandazo (Salah) weDhuhr namabili emuva kwawo, namabili emuva komthandazo (Salah) weMaghrib, namabili emuva komthandazo (Salah) weIsha, namabili ngaphambi komthandazo (Salah) weFajr. Esewonke angamaRak'ah ayishumi nambili, futhi lamaRak'ah abizwa ngokuthi amaRawatib; ngoba uMphrofethi ﷺ wayewagcina njalo uma engekho ohambeni. Kepha uma esohambweni, wayewashiya ngaphandle kweSunnah yeFajr neWitr, ngoba yena (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah kube kuye) wayenamathela kuyo yomibili ekuhlaleni nasekuhambeni. Okungcono kakhulu ukuthi lemithandazo yeSunnah ejwayelekile neWitr ithandazwe ekhaya; kepha uma umuntu eyithandaza eMosque, akunacala; ngenxa yesisho sikaMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah kube kuye): (Umthandazo ongcono kakhulu womuntu usendlini yakhe, ngaphandle komthandazo oyimpoqo) [19]. [19] Ilandiswe ngu-Al-Bukhari, ngenombolo (6860).

Nokugcina lamaRaka'ah kungezinye zezizathu zokungena ezulwini (Jannah), ngokwamazwi kaMphrofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah makube phezu kwakhe): (Othandazayo ama-rak’ah ayishumi nambili osukwini nasebusuku, uyakwakhelwa ngawo indlu ezulwini(Jannah)) [20]. [20] Ilandiswe nguMuslim, ngenombolo (728).

Futhi uma ethandaza amane ngaphambi komthandazo weAsr, namabili ngaphambi komthandazo weMaghrib, namabili ngaphambi komthandazo weIsha, kuhle lokho; ngoba kuqinisekisiwe okuvela kuMphrofethi ﷺ okukhomba lokho, futhi uma ethandaza amane ngemuva komthandazo weDhuhr namane ngaphambi kwawo, kuhle lokho; ngokwamazwi akhe ﷺ: (Lowo ogcina amaraka amane ngaphambi kweDhuhr, kanye namane emuva kwayo, uAllah uyomenqabela emlilweni) [21]. Incazelo iwukuthi wenezela ama-rak'ah amabili phezu kweSunnah Ratiba ngemva kweDhuhr; ngoba iSunnah Ratiba ingama-rak'ah amane ngaphambi kwayo kanye namabili ngemva kwayo. Uma-ke enezela amanye amabili ngemva kwayo, uyakuthola lokho okukhulunywe ngakho kwiHadith ka-Umm Habiba, (sengathi uAllah angajabula ngaye). [21] Ilandiswe ngu-Ahmad, ngenombolo (25547), kanye no-Tirmidhi, ngenombolo (393), kanye no-Abu Dawud, ngenombolo (1077).

UAllah unguMniki wempumelelo, futhi ukuthula nezibusiso zikaAllah akube phezu kukaMphrofethi wethu uMuhammad indodana ka-Abdullah, nomndeni wakhe, nabangani bakhe, kanye nabalandeli bakhe ngokulunga kuze kube uSuku Lokwahlulela...