"Islam is built on five
Abu ‘Abdur-Rahmān ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say:
"Islam is built on five: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, performing Hajj to the (Sacred) House, and fasting Ramadān."
«بُنِيَ الإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجِّ الْبَيْتِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ».
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) likened Islam to a well-built structure based on five pillars that carry it and the rest of its characteristics complement the structure. First pillar: The two testimonies of faith; testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. These two testimonies constitute one pillar as they are both inseparable. The slave utters the two testimonies of faith acknowledging the oneness of Allah and His exclusive worthiness of worship apart from others, acting upon their requirements, believing in the message of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), and following him. Second pillar: Establishing the prayer, which refers to the five obligatory prayers that are to be observed every day and night and they are: Fajr (morning), Zhuhr (noon), ‘Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (sunset), and ‘Ishā’ (night), along with observing their conditions, pillars, and obligatory acts. Third pillar: Giving the obligatory Zakah, which is an obligatory financial act of worship due on every type of property that has reached the limit prescribed by Shariah and it is to be given to those entitled to it. Fourth pillar: Performing Hajj, which is travelling to Makkah to perform the rituals as a means of worshipping Allah Almighty. Fifth pillar: Fasting Ramadān, which is abstaining from food, drink, and other invalidators from the break of dawn until sunset with the intention of worshipping Allah.
The two testimonies of faith are inseparable, i.e., none of them is valid without the other; hence, he considered them one pillar.
The two testimonies of faith are the core of the religion; hence, they are essential for the validity of any saying or deed.
Sahīh Al-Bukhāri (1/ 11) (8).
Sahīh Muslim (1/ 45) (16).
More (8)
و(1/ 88) (82).
فتح الباري لابن رجب (1/ 22).
جامع العلوم والحكم (1/147).
شرح الأربعين لابن العطّار (ص 62).
شرح الأربعين النووية لعبد الكريم الخضير (ص 87).
فتح القوي المتين في شرح الأربعين للعباد (ص 29).
شرح الأربعين النووية لصالح آل الشيخ (ص 91 - 95).
التحفة الربانية لإسماعيل الأنصاري (ص 12).
Cited in books
16 Books- The Prayer as Taught by the Prophet (ﷺ) to His Companions, may Allah be please with them"Islam is built on five...",
- Sermons on Magnifying the Status of Prayer"Islam was built on five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, Hajj, and fasting Ramadan."
- Two Concise Treatises on Zakah and Fastingفي بحوث هامة حول الزكاة“Islam was built on five (pillars): testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, fasting Ramadan, and pilgrimage to the House.” [1]
- Two Concise Treatises on Zakah and Fastingفي فضل صيام رمضان وقيامه “Islam is built upon five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, fasting the month of Ramadan, and performing Hajj to the House.”
- What A Muslim Must Know“Islam was built on five (pillars): testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, pilgrimage to the House, and fasting Ramadan.” [1]
- Lectures on Magnifying the Status of Prayerمحاضرات في تعظيم قدر الصلاة“Islam was built on five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, Hajj, and fasting Ramadan.” [21]
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