When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said:
"When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him."
«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: إِلَّا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ».
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed that the deeds of a person come to a halt when he dies. No good deeds are recorded for him after death, except for these three things, as he was the cause behind them: First: Charity whose reward is enduring, permanent, and ceaseless, like endowment, building mosques, digging wells, etc. Second: Knowledge from which people draw benefits, like authoring books of knowledge or teaching knowledge to someone, who in turn disseminates this knowledge after his teacher's death. Third: A pious, believing child who supplicates for his parents.
The scholars unanimously agreed that the rewards that reach a person after his death include ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, supplication, and Hajj, as mentioned in other Hadīths.
He singled out these three things in the Hadīth because they represent the foundations of goodness and they are mostly the things virtuous people want to endure after their passing.
Any beneficial knowledge will bring reward, but at the top and pinnacle of it is the Shar‘i knowledge and the sciences that support it.
Knowledge is the most beneficial of these three, because knowledge benefits the person who learns it, preserves the Shariah, and benefits people in general. Plus, it is more comprehensive and inclusive as people learn from your knowledge that exists during your lifetime and endures after your death.
The Hadīth encourages us to raise righteous children, as they are the ones who will benefit their parents in the Hereafter, and an example of their benefit is that they supplicate for them.
It encourages kindness to parents after their death, which is also a form of righteousness from which the child benefits.
Supplication benefits a deceased person even if the supplicant is not his child. But, a person's child is specifically mentioned because he is mostly the one who continues to supplicate for his parents until he dies.
Sahīh Muslim (3/ 1255) (1631).
More (1)
البحر المحيط الثجاج في شرح صحيح الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج (28/ 413).
Cited in books
10 Books- Selections From The Profitable Store of The Reward of Good Deedsالمنتقى من المتجر الرابح في ثواب العمل الصالح"When a person dies, his deeds come to a halt, except for three: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, and a righteous child who supplicates for him."
- Rawh wa Rayāhīn Sharh Riyād Al-Sālihīnرياض الصالحين مع فوائد وهدايات - 5“When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him.”
More (8)
- التوحيد في ضوء عقيدة الإمام الشافعي رحمه الله ونصوصه ومروياته" إذا مات الإنسان انقطع عنه عمله إلا من ثلاثة: إلا من صدقة جارية، أو علم ينتفع به، أو ولد صالح يدعو له ".([100])
- الذكر والدعاء والعلاج بالرقي من الكتاب والسنة"إذا مات الإنسان انقطع عملُهُ إلا من ثلاثة: إلا من صدقة جاريةٍ، أو علمٍ ينتفع به، أو ولدٍ صالحٍ يدعو له" .
- الصيام ومجموعة أسئلة في أحكامه«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: إِلَّا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ»[72].
- عقائد الشيعة الاثني عشرية - سؤال وجواب(إذا ماتَ الإنسانُ انقَطَعَ عنهُ عَمَلُهُ إلا مِن ثلاثةٍ: إلاَّ من صَدَقَةٍ جاريةٍ، أو علمٍ يُنتفَعُ بهِ، أو وَلَدٍ صالحٍ يَدْعُو لهُ)[3]،
- مجموعة زاد الحديث(2)1«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: إِلَّا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ».
- مجموعة زاد الحديث(2)1(إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ)
- مجموعة زاد الحديث(2)1(إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ...)
- نبراس طالب (5)1«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: إِلَّا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ»